Garden Infographics
Visual quick-reference guides for every stage of gardening — from seed starting to harvest, companion planting to soil care. Save them, print them, use them in the garden.
🌿 Companion Planting Quick Reference
Certain plants thrive together — and some actively repel each other's pests. Use this at-a-glance chart when planning your beds.
Click the image to enlarge · For deeper research, see our Pollinator Garden guide.
🗺️ USDA Hardiness Zones — Frost Date Reference
Your USDA zone determines your average minimum winter temperature. Use these average last spring frost and first fall frost dates to time transplants and season-end tasks.
Click the image to enlarge · For zone-by-zone planting tips, see our Winter Garden Prep guide.
📐 Vegetable Spacing Quick Reference
Proper plant spacing prevents disease, reduces competition, and maximizes yield. Measurements are plant-to-plant spacing. Rows should be spaced 1.5–2× plant spacing for in-ground beds.
| Vegetable | In-Ground Spacing | Sq Ft Gardening | Depth to Plant | Days to Harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🍅 Tomato (indeterminate) | 24–36" | 1 per sq ft | Transplant deep | 70–85 days |
| 🍅 Tomato (determinate) | 18–24" | 1 per sq ft | Transplant deep | 60–70 days |
| 🥒 Cucumber | 12–18" | 2 per sq ft | ½–1" seed depth | 50–65 days |
| 🌽 Corn | 8–12" | 1 per sq ft | 1–1.5" seed depth | 65–90 days |
| 🥬 Lettuce (leaf) | 6–8" | 4 per sq ft | Surface sow | 45–55 days |
| 🥕 Carrot | 2–3" | 16 per sq ft | ¼" seed depth | 65–80 days |
| 🫘 Bush Bean | 4–6" | 9 per sq ft | 1–1.5" seed depth | 50–60 days |
| 🧅 Onion | 4–6" | 9 per sq ft | ½" depth (set) | 90–120 days |
| 🥦 Broccoli | 18–24" | 1 per sq ft | Transplant ½" deep | 60–80 days |
| 🌿 Basil | 12" | 1 per sq ft | Surface/thin | 25–30 days (leaves) |
| 🍓 Strawberry | 12–18" | 4 per sq ft | Crown at soil line | 60–90 days |
| 🎃 Pumpkin (standard) | 36–48" | 1 per 4 sq ft | 1" seed depth | 90–120 days |
🧪 Soil pH Preference by Plant Type
Soil pH affects nutrient availability. Most garden plants prefer 6.0–7.0, but blueberries, potatoes, and azaleas need distinctly acidic conditions. Test your soil before amending.
Click the image to enlarge · For soil prep tips, see our Xeriscape Design guide.
💧 Watering Frequency Guide by Plant Category
Overwatering is the #1 killer of container and new transplants. These are general guidelines for established plants — newly transplanted specimens need 2× more frequent watering for the first 2–3 weeks.
- •Container annuals in summer
- •Hanging baskets
- •Seedlings in heat
- •Newly transplanted herbs
- •Tomatoes (in-ground)
- •Cucumbers & squash
- •Most container vegetables
- •Ferns & shade perennials
- •Established shrubs
- •Lawn (established)
- •Most in-ground perennials
- •Fruit trees (summer)
- •Succulents & cacti
- •Established lavender
- •Native prairie plants
- •Drought-tolerant groundcovers
📚 Reference Guides We Recommend
We may earn a small commission from qualifying purchases at no extra cost to you.
Rodale's Ultimate Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening
The definitive reference for organic gardeners — covers companion planting, soil science, pest management, and hundreds of plant profiles. The kind of book that lives in the potting shed.
- ✓ 800+ pages of plant and garden reference
- ✓ Companion planting charts
- ✓ Organic pest & disease solutions
- ✓ Zone-by-zone planting calendars
The Old Farmer's Almanac Garden Guide
An annually updated visual guide with planting calendars, moon gardening schedules, weather predictions, and zone-specific timing. A classic for a reason.
- ✓ Annual zone-specific planting calendars
- ✓ Visual frost date maps
- ✓ Vegetable growing charts
- ✓ Pest identification guides